Environmental Protection Agency | 美国环保局
美国环境保护局（英语：Environmental Protection Agency，缩写：EPA），简称美国环保局，是美国联邦政府一个独立行政机构，负责维护自然环境与保护人类健康不受环境危害及污染影响。EPA由美国总统理查·尼克松提议设立，获国会批准后于1970年12月2日成立运行。环保局成立前，美国政府没有可协同对付环境污染问题的部会。局长为内阁级官员，由美国总统直接提名，需参议院投票同意任命，直接向总统负责。
环保局EPA现有大约18,000名全职雇员，所辖机构包括华盛顿特区总部、10个区域分局、和超过17个研究实验所。
环保局的具体职责包括，根据国会颁布的环境法律制定和执行环境法规，从事或赞助环境研究及环保项目，加强环境教育以培养公众的环保意识和责任感。
现有管理机构：
行政和人力资源管理办公室（Office of Administration and Resources）
空气和辐射办公室（Office of Air and Radiation）
环境执法办公室（Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance）
环境信息办公室（Office of Environmental Information）
环境司法办公室（Office of Environmental Justice）
财务主管办公室（Office of the Chief Financial Officer）
科学政策办公室（Office of General Counsel）
环境巡查办公室（Office of Inspector General）
国际事务办公室（Office of International Affairs）
污染、杀虫剂和有毒物质办公室（Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances）
研究和发展办公室（Office of Research and Development）
固体废弃物和应急反应办公室（Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response）
水办公室（Office of Water）
EPA现有10个区域分局，各分局管辖范围如下：
第一分局：负责康涅狄格州、缅因州、马萨诸塞州、新罕布什尔、罗得岛和佛蒙特州，办公室设在波士顿。
第二分局：负责新泽西州、纽约州、波多黎各和美属维尔京群岛，办公室设在纽约。
第三分局：负责特拉华州、马里兰州、宾夕法尼亚州、弗吉尼亚州、西弗吉尼亚州和哥伦比亚特区，办公室设在费城。
第四分局：负责亚拉巴马州、佛罗里达州、佐治亚州、肯塔基州、密西西比州、北卡罗莱纳州、南卡罗莱纳州和田纳西州，办公室设在亚特兰大。
第五分局：负责伊利诺伊州、印第安纳州、密歇根州、明尼苏达州、俄亥俄州和威斯康星州，办公室设在芝加哥。
第六分局：负责阿肯色州、路易斯安那州、新墨西哥州、俄克拉荷马州和得克萨斯州，办公室设在达拉斯。
第七分局：负责艾奥瓦州、堪萨斯州、密苏里州和内布拉斯加州，办公室设在堪萨斯城。
第八分局：负责科罗拉多州、蒙大拿州、北达科他州、南达科他州、犹他州和怀俄明州，办公室设在丹佛。
第九分局：负责亚利桑那州、加利福尼亚州、夏威夷以及内华达和萨摩亚，办公室设在旧金山。
第十分局：负责阿拉斯加州、爱达荷州、俄勒冈州和华盛顿州。办公室设在西雅图。
虽然美国环保局的机构遍布各州，但是每个州都设有自己的环境管理机构，不隶属于联邦环保局，但是接受美国环保局区域办公室的监督检查。除非联邦法律有明文规定，州环保局才与联邦环保局合作。各个州的环境管理机构向州政府负责，依照州的法律独立履行职责，管理机构人员由各个州自行决定，负责人、预算与联邦的机制相似，由州长提名、州议会审核批准生效。各个州的环境管理机构在执行环境政策过程中出现的冲突，由地方法院裁决。
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is an independent administrative agency of the United States federal government responsible for maintaining the natural environment and protecting human health from environmental hazards and pollution. The EPA was proposed by US President Richard Nixon and was established and operated on December 2, 1970 after being approved by Congress. Before the establishment of the EPA, the US government had no department that could work together to deal with environmental pollution problems. The director is a cabinet-level official, nominated directly by the President of the United States, and must be voted by the Senate to be appointed, and is directly responsible to the President.
The EPA currently has approximately 18,000 full-time employees, and its agencies include the Washington, DC headquarters, 10 regional branches, and more than 17 research laboratories.
The specific responsibilities of the EPA include formulating and enforcing environmental regulations in accordance with environmental laws enacted by Congress, conducting or sponsoring environmental research and environmental projects, and strengthening environmental education to cultivate the public's environmental awareness and sense of responsibility.
Existing management agencies:
Office of Administration and Resources
Office of Air and Radiation
Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance
Office of Environmental Information
Office of Environmental Justice
Office of the Chief Financial Officer
Office of Science Policy
Office of General Counsel
Office of Inspector General
Office of International Affairs
Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances
Office of Research and Development
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
Office of Water
EPA currently has 10 regional bureaus, each with the following jurisdictions:
Branch One: Responsible for Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont, with an office in Boston.
Second Division: Responsible for New Jersey, New York, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, with an office in New York.
Third Division: Responsible for Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia and the District of Columbia, with an office in Philadelphia.
Fourth Division: Responsible for Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee, with an office in Atlanta.
Fifth Division: Responsible for Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio and Wisconsin, with an office in Chicago.
Sixth Division: Responsible for Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas, with an office in Dallas.
Seventh Division: Responsible for Iowa, Kansas, Missouri and Nebraska, with an office in Kansas City.
The 8th Division: responsible for Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah and Wyoming, with an office in Denver.
The 9th Division: responsible for Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada and Samoa, with an office in San Francisco.
The 10th Division: responsible for Alaska, Idaho, Oregon and Washington. The office is located in Seattle.
Although the EPA has agencies in various states, each state has its own environmental management agency, which is not affiliated with the federal EPA, but is subject to supervision and inspection by the EPA regional office. Unless otherwise expressly provided by federal law, the state environmental protection agency will cooperate with the federal EPA. The environmental management agencies of each state are responsible to the state government and perform their duties independently in accordance with state laws. The personnel of the management agency are decided by each state. The person in charge and the budget are similar to the federal mechanism, nominated by the governor and approved by the state legislature. Conflicts arising from the implementation of environmental policies by environmental management agencies in various states shall be adjudicated by local courts.
